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Leaf-curling aphidHemiptera, homoptera, aphid
Leaf-curling aphid can give a lot of damages in apple orchards. Its size is so small that you cannot see it easily. Therefore, when you see a leaf curled backward, you can consider it the leaf was attacked by Leaf-curling Aphid.
 
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winged-leaf-curling aphid adult
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non-winged leaf-curling aphid adult
Leaf-curling aphid
Hemiptera aphid
  • Scientific name: Miyzus malisuctus (Matsumura)
  • English name: Leaf-curling aphid
  • Size: the body length of winged adult is 1.5~1.7mm and the body length of non-winged adult is 13mm~17mm.
  • Hosts: apple, toringo crab, crataegus pinnatifida (known as Chinese haw), Japanese quince, Linden viburnum, and Chinese-quince.
  • Distribution: Korea, Japan, China and more.

Non-winged one is generally deep green or brown and winged one is black in general. The early-instar insect's body color is very light green that it cannot be observed easily. Its body color looks different depending on the plant's color. The body is egg-shaped or spindle-shaped. The winged adult's body length is 1.5mm to 1.7mm and non-winged adult's is 1.3mm to 1.7mm. 
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late-instar leaf-curling aphid nymph
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Leaf-curling aphids live together behind of a leaf
In early May, if the insect harms stipule, it will cause red spot on the leaf and it will be curled backward horizontally. On the other hand, if it harms foliage leaf, the edge of a leaf will be rolled toward vein backward vertically. The aphid sucks the juice of the leaf from behind. The function of a leaf will decline noticeably that the leaf will turn into black due to no chlorophyll on the damaged place and it will be early defoliation. The damaged branch will be very thin and it will produce weak branches. Especially, when the density is too high, it will cause injury symptom of red spot on the new fruits.
 
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early-instar leaf-curling aphid nymph
It will produce around 10 generations of eggs and the eggs will stay over the winter on the surface of bud, twig, or rhytidome. Around mid-April, when new shoots sprout from apple trees, the eggs hatch out and parasitize on the sprouting buds or attack the behind of the leaf. From early May, the generation rate will increase rapidly and from early June, we can observe the first generator. However, it will decrease soon and the density will decline during the rainy season.
 
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damaged new green shoot by leaf-curling aphid
† Leaf is curled backward (early symptoms) 
After the rainy season, the generation rate will again boost and we can observe the second generator in early August. Generally, the aphids parasitize on the new green shoot. The population of leaf-curling aphid is different depends on how many aphids parasitized in the early period on bud. Around mid-October, the aphid mates and produces eggs on the surface of winter bud. 
 


Translated by Sunyoung Cho 

Other articles by Deogkee ParkInterviewed on : 2016.06.01 00:47

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#insect#fruit tree#tree pest

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